Friday, June 6, 2014

Public funding for US arts--a sad state

Chicago:  no place or money for arts education.
I've been down this path many times, comparing the amount of public funding accorded arts organization in the United States (total) with mere cities in Europe.  A new study by the Cultural Policy Center of the University of Chicago lays out the numbers.  They are disheartening to say the least.  Intended primarily for its Chicago base, the study offers comparative data with other metropolitan areas across the country.

There is a telling chart of local dollars spent, per capita, on page 16 of the report.  I was unable to duplicate it, but a summary of some of that information is seen below.  It appears as though, in terms of the quality of life that I prefer, San Francisco and Cleveland (of all cities!) are the places to be.



LOCAL DOLLARS, PER CAPITA
Figure 9 depicts local arts agencies’ competitive dollars awarded on a per capita basis, which largely reflects the ranking of cities/metro regions by total levels of local competitive funding. San Francisco ($12.95) and Cuyahoga County (Cleveland) ($12.48) awarded the highest per capita amounts in terms of competitive local grant dollars. Miami-Dade County ($5.08) and San Diego ($4.63) provided closer to the average per capita funding ($5.51), whereas the nine remaining cites/metro regions award less than $3.00 per capita (Figure 10). Excluding Baltimore, which did not offer any city-funded grants, Chicago’s, Boston’s, and Phoenix’s local arts agencies provided the smallest per capita grant support amounts in 2012.

page16image10104

Thursday, June 5, 2014

At last! The 2014 Huey's Are Here!

You've got to be kidding, right?

I'm certain that regular viewers of S & P (are there such people?) have been waiting with baited breath for the release of the 2014 Huey awards for innovative orchestral concert programing.  As a point of reference:  the Huey's--first awarded in 2011--are totally arbitrary, based upon my own criteria which include possible thematic content, inclusion of both contemporary and American composers and overall creativity and originality. The latter would imply programs that step out of the Overture - Concerto - Symphony box. Also of important note is the presentation of works outside the standard repertory; i.e. why offer yet another performance of Dvorak 7 (or 8 or 9) or Shostakovich 5--regardless of my own love for those works--when there are hundreds of neglected works that may be favored by audiences (and surely the players). Do we need yet another performance of Beethoven 5 instead of say, the Bizet Symphonie? Or what about the Franck--long a staple of the repertoire that now seems to be rarely played? I could make a long list of neglected works and that's just the works of the "masters."

The 2011 "prize" was awarded to no one.  Not a single orchestra met the criteria, which I deemed that It is incumbent upon the modern day symphony to be a proponent of the music of our time BECAUSE that is the heritage of the medium. It was not until the mid to late nineteenth century that works of the past started to form any kind of "repertory." In the time of Mozart and Haydn, people were "discovering" the works of Bach and Handel as if they'd been composed in another millennium, rather than some one hundred years previous. In Mozart's time (and Beethoven's and many other's) the music presented on a concert program had to be new. There were no "interpreters" of the music of the past; most performers were led by the composers themselves. But, somewhere along the way (the early twentieth century and the rise of serialism?) the audience became disconnected from the music of its time. If we are to remain viable, we must espouse the changing milieu in which we live.

The ensembles under consideration are those which are within easy reach of my Dubuque residence, our own Dubuque Symphony, Orchestra Iowa (aka, the Cedar Rapids Symphony), the Quad City Symphony (which dares to cross the river--good for them--offering concerts in both Davenport AND Rock Island), and the newly-named wcfsymphony (that's Waterloo-Cedar Falls).  I considered including Madison, Wisconsin orchestras (the Symphony and Wisconsin Chamber Orchestra).  See my post from May 6 as to why they were more or less immediately excluded.

Let us examine our programming in alphabetical order, starting right here at home.  It took more than a bit of digging to drag the 2014-15 season concerts out of the DSO, but I received the info from a subscriber just last evening.  Here goes nothing:

Without delving into specifics, this almost says it all...
Another Holst?  Another Eroica?  Another Tchaik 5--most recently conducted at the opening of the 50th anniversary by a visiting Nicholas Palmer, former conductor.  But, for the sake of inclusivity, here's the whole line up:

Sept. 27-28 - Heritage Center, University of Dubuque
OK....There's (always) something obvious.  Both pieces are by dead European males.  Need more be said?  What do the works have to do with one another?  Why The Planets--obviously someone is going to try to make that Mars-pending World War 1 connection.  Yes, this is great music, but...

November 15-16 - Five Flags Theater
  • Bela Bartok:  Rumanian Folk Dances
  • (Zane?) Merritt:  Premiere of a New Work inspired by Dubuque
  • Franz Liszt:  Piano Concerto No. 1 in E-flat major, Alpin Hong, soloist
A bon-bon, something new (that I'm not sure I want to hear--my experience with the composer has shown him to write adequate, but highly dissonant smaller forms) and a war-horse.  And again I wonder, where's the connection?  OK, Liszt was nominally Hungarian, although he spent little time there.  He wrote his share of "Hungarian" Rhapsodies, but they are--like Brahms--rehashing of gypsy tunes instead of the true folk idioms of Bartok.  Ho-hum...

February 7 - 8 - Heritage Center, University of Dubuque
  • W. A. Mozart:  Overture to the Impressario (another bon-bon.  I did this with the Dubuque Youth Orchestra)
  • Johannes Brahms:  Concerto for Violin and Violincello in A minor, op. 102, Katie Wolfe and Anthony Arnone, soloists.
  • Ludwig van Beethoven:  Symphony No. 3, in E-flat major, op 55, "Eroica"
Ah, the Viennese program in the dead of winter, guaranteed to put the butts in the seats.  But, the assessment is still the same:  Long dead, dead, and long dead.  And why Eroica, when symphony no. 4 hasn't been heard here in ages?

March 14-15 - Heritage Center, University of Dubuque
  • Peter Illych Tchaikovsky:  "Polanaise" from Eugene Onegin
  • Christopher Rouse:  Flute concert, Carol Wincenc
  • Tchaikovsky:  Symphony No. 5
One of these pieces doesn't belong, but I'm certain the guest artist was insistent.  After all, she commissioned the work and performed its premiere with another DSO:  the Detroit Symphony, in 1993.  Not exactly cutting edge stuff being over 20 years old, but at least Rouse is alive and well (and being performed by orchestras such as the NY Phil).

April 18-19 - Five Flags Theater
  • Georges Bizet:  Carmen - "Les Voici" Chorus
  • Richard Wagner:  Die Walkure - Ride of the Valkyries
  • Giuseppe Verdi:  Il Trovatore - Anvil Chorus
  • Giacomo Puccini, Gianni Schicchi "Oh. mio babbino caro"
  • Verdi:  Aida - "Finale Act 2 - Triumphal scene and march"
There was a time when the DSO offered its public actual staged opera presentations.  I took part in Tosca (leading the off-stage chorus) and saw both Boheme and Carmen.  Last year, with the bicentennials of both Verdi and Wagner, would have been the perfect time to troop out at least an act from one of their works in a concert version.  I'm imagining a season closing with Gotterdammerung or Parsifal.  But instead, now we're offered these trifles.  Snore....

It's NOT MY orchestra!  I guess its the "ego" behind this name
that really gets my gourd.  Some around the state are now calling
it "Orchestra Universe...

Brucemorchestra!—American Salute, Sunday, September 7, 7:00 PM, Brucemore Estate, Kevin Deas, Bass-Baritone
  • Leonard Bernstein:  Three Dance Episodes from On the Town 
  • George Gershwin:  Porgy and Bess Suite (Catfish Row) 
  • Bernstein: Overture to Candide 
  • Gershwin: Cuban Overture 
  • Aaron Copland: Old American Songs 
  • Bernstein: Symphonic Dances from West Side Story 
The usual suspects.  Are there others worthy of inclusion on an "American Salute"?  I know he's gone too, but how about Roy Harris?  George Whitefield Chadwick?  Not necessarily household names to the uninitiated, but that's what "educating our audience is all about.  AND, they'd like this stuff!

Symphonie Fantastique -- Friday, October 17, 7:30 PM, Iowa City (where?) Saturday, October 18, 7:30 PM, Cedar Rapids Paramount Theatre, Winston Choi, Piano 
  • Robert Schumann:  Manfred Overture 
  • Sergei Prokofiev: Piano Concerto No. 2 
  • Hector Berlioz:  Symphonie Fantastique 
The tired old refrain:  Overture - Concerto - Symphony.  All dead.  Choi's bio indicates that he's recorded all the piano works of Elliot Carter.  Now there would be something to hear!  (whether or not I "get" him)

Old World Wonders -- Friday, November 7, 7:30 PM, Iowa City (where?), Saturday, November 8, 7:30 PM, Cedar Rapids Paramount Theatre, Sunday, November 9, 3:00 PM, Fairfield Sondheim Center, Narek Hakhnazaryan, Cello 
  • Maurice Ravel: Le Tombeau de Couperin 
  • Robert Schumann: Cello Concerto 
  • Antonin: Dvorak: Symphony No. 6
"Old" is the operative word here.

Missa Solemnis -- Saturday, March 7, 7:30 PM, Cedar Rapids Paramount Theatre
  • Ludwig van Beethoven: Missa Solemnis 
Ok, not often-enough heard, but....

Russian Masters -- Friday, May 1, 7:30 PM, Iowa City, Saturday, May 2, 7:30 PM, Cedar Rapids Paramount Theatre, Brian Lewis, Violin 
  • Alexander Glazunov:  The Spring (from "The Seasons?")
  • Alexander Borodin: Symphony No. 2 
  • Peter Illych Tchaikovsky:  Violin Concerto 
Every year someone has to trot out a Russian program.  And we've broken the mold by going with Overture - Symphony - Concerto.  At least we have works not-so-often heard from Glazunov and Borodin (a fabulous symphony in its own right).  But, let's take a dare and program some Kallinikov...

Water Music -- Saturday, June 6, 7:30 PM, Cedar Rapids Paramount Theatre 
  • Richard Wagner: Overture to The Flying Dutchman 
  • Claude Debussy:  Nocturnes 
  • Ottorino Respighi: Fountains of Rome 
  • Debussy: La Mer
Yes, this is great stuff.  I love all of these pieces, and the "unified whole" is obvious (I like to go for less so myself.

The whole report card for OI is not a good one.  While we have Americans, they're all dead--just like every other composer in the season.

THE QUAD CITY SYMPHONY

Michael Torke showing up in an image search
for the QCSO.  I couldn't resist...
My "man on the inside" told me to look forward to the hundredth season offerings of the QCSO.  It sounded like they were poised to break the mold of season's past and offer a breath of fresh air.  Well...I suppose that you have to hand it to the orchestra for including a new work or premiere on every program.  Of course, the venerable Chicago Symphony did that very same thing during its "German crisis" during World War I.  For more on that, I have a paper.

Masterworks I: Into a New World, October 4 at 8:00 p.m. Adler Theatre, Davenport, October 5 at 2:00 p.m. Centennial Hall, Rock Island, Garrick Ohlsson, piano.
  • John Frantzen: World Premiere
  • Serge Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3
  • Antonin Dvorak: Symphony No. 9 "From the New World”
Haven't we heard all of these before?

Masterworks II: A Passion for Life, November 1, 2014, Adler Theatre, Davenport, Erin Keefe, violin.
  • James Romig: World Premiere
  • Johannes Brahms: Violin Concerto
  • Peter Ilych Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 "Pathétique”
Ibid.

Masterworks III: A MUSICAL SHOWCASE, December 6 & 7, Naha Greenholtz, violin; Marc Zyla, horn; Hannah Holman, cello; Andrew Parker, oboe; Lillian Lau, harp; Benjamin Coehlo, bassoon.
  • David Gompper: World Premiere
  • Camille Saint-Saens: Romance for Horn and Orchestra
  • Franz Joseph Haydn: Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Cello, Oboe, Bassoon, and Orchestra
  • Maurice Ravel: Introduction and Allegro for Harp
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony No. 40 
A nice way to feature principal players.  I'm not going out on any limbs about the premiere work although I'm well aware of the direction taken by the composition studios at the University of Iowa.

Masterworks IV: MUSICAL CATHEDRALS, February 7 & 8, Demarre McGill, flute.
  • Michael Torke: Oracle
  • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Flute Concerto in G
  • Anton Bruckner Symphony No. 4 "Romantic”
Since when is the Mozart Concerto a "Musical Cathedral"?  It was part of an uncompleted commission for an instrument he despised.

Masterworks V: AN AMERICAN TAPESTRY, April 11 & 12 Joel Fan, piano.
  • William Campbell: World Premiere
  • Roy Harris: Symphony No. 3
  • George Gershin: Rhapsody in Blue
  • Morton Gould: Interplay for Piano and Orchestra
  • Aaron Copland: Suite from Rodeo
Masterworks VI: Ode to Joy, April 11 & 12, Karen Slack, soprano; Eleni Matos, mezzo-soprano; Vale Rideout, tenor; Dean Elsinga, bass-baritone; Quad City Choral Arts and Handel Oratorio Society, Jon Hurty, director
  • Lee Hyla: World Premiere
  • Arnold Schoenberg: Friede auf Erden
  • Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 9
A brief commentary, as I'm sounding like a broken record.  Aside from the new works (and the Torke is a repeat from last season.  The guy's written tons of stuff; play something else!), nearly everything else is old, dead, European, and--worst of all--male.  There are lots of women composers out there, but one often has to seek them out.  I did and devoted an entire concert to their works.

Hats off for the Roy Harris Symphony although its probably going to be forgotten amidst Gershwin's overplayed Rhapsody and Rodeo.   The Schoenberg, his Op. 13, comes at the end of his Romantic period, so it's very safe.

Safe, safe, safe.  I like to see somebody tackling Bruckner, but again, he's been dead for ages and the Fourth is probably his biggest "hit." 



With very few exceptions, Jason Weinberger and crew continue to offer programing that is both stimulating, interesting, and original.  Reader will note that the orchestra's material lists exactly how long each program will be.  Want an early dinner, or one following the concert (as is the case in many of the European orchestras I've led--they start at 7!), here's your chance to mix it up!

RIVERLOOP, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 6 // 7:30PM - 8:45PM.  I'm assuming that this concert will once again take place at the Amphitheater on the Cedar River in Waterloo.
  • Daniel Gilliam – World premiere

  • Edward ‘Duke’ Ellington – The River, Suite
Great to see an Ellington orchestral work programed.  Yeah, he's dead, but he's not white or European and these works deserve to be heard.

 CELEBRATE, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11 // 7:30PM - 9:30PM

PROJECT Trio:  A passionate, high energy chamber music ensemble comprised of three virtuosic composer/performers from Brooklyn, NY, the members of PROJECT Trio blend their classical training with an eclectic taste in musical styles. Combining the virtuosity of world-class artists with the energy of rock stars, PROJECT Trio breaks down traditional ideas of chamber music. The genre-defying Trio is acclaimed by the press as “packed with musicianship, joy and surprise” and “exciting a new generation of listeners about the joys of classical and jazz music.”

SURPRISE, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1 // 7:30PM - 9:30PM
  • Surprise concert opener by Ted Hearne
  • Concerto with Midwest International Piano Competition winner

  • Orchestral classic chosen by our audience
This is a big dare, although an interesting one.  No one but the performers knows exactly what's on the program.  Will they be able to keep this a secret?  I have spies in every corner and will keep viewers posted.

SING, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 13 // 4:00PM - 5:00PM
  • Sing-along selections from Handel’s Messiah
One of my favorite memories of my "youth" was the Messiah Sing-A-Long with the Lansing (MI) Symphony.  One year, we got snowed in and couldn't make the 45-minute drive from the college town of Olivet to the state capital.  SO, we got about 45 singers together and had our own Messiah sing!  With faculty members accompanying, I "conducted" my first Messiah (I think "mess" was the operative word), but I still remember it fondly.

BROWN DERBY, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 7 // 5:00PM - 6:20PM
  • Gustav Mahler – Symphony no. 4
The wcfsymphony has taken to creating chamber performances in a chamber space.  This is one I have to try to catch, although tickets go really fast.

IMAGINE, SATURDAY, MARCH 7 // 8:30PM - 9:45PM
  • Franz Schubert – ‘Unfinished’ Symphony and related works
The symphony writes, "Why didn’t Schubert finish his Eighth Symphony, (ed. it's actually his seventh) universally recognized as one his greatest works? This imaginative presentation explores the question that haunts scholars and listeners as much as the piece’s beguiling opening notes. We will perform both movements of the ‘Unfinished’ alongside other works connected to its composition, intermixing visuals and spoken text to illuminate the mystery of Schubert’s truncated effort on this amazing piece."

REDISCOVER, SATURDAY, APRIL 11 // 7:30PM - 9:30PM

Aaron Copland – Fanfare for the Common Man

Samuel Barber – Adagio for Strings

Daniel Bernard Roumain (DBR) – Woodbox Violin Concerto

Joan Tower – Fanfare for the Uncommon Woman

Daniel Bernard Roumain (DBR) – World premiere

Charles Ives – Variations on ‘America’

Let's see:  Copland (ok, we've heard that), Barber (that too), two new works--one a premiere, a work by a women(!), and Ives.  This one has it all.  I'll want to catch this as well, especially for the guy known as "Dred Violin."
FANTASIA, SATURDAY, APRIL 25 // 7:30PM - 9:30PM

Everybody's doing the concert and film show these days so wcf is no different.  That said, a new generation of listeners/viewers will be exposed to the original (much better than the remake).  There's nothing wrong with a little fun....as long as its not a steady diet.  Too many sweets can mess up one's musical glucose level.

I suppose that I still come off looking like the President of the wcf fan club, and I suppose I am.  Weinberger and Co. continue to come up with new ways to package old works, as well as offer exciting presentations of newer ones.  And let's not forget the different venues tooled for the performances there, instead of just a "run-out" to the nether regions or a skip across the Mississippi.

Yes, the winner and still champion remains:

WCF!!!!

Wednesday, June 4, 2014

The Greatest Recordings

Herreweghe, the greatest Bach?
There is a reason that I continue to compile and examine these lists of "greats."  I have accepted (challenged myself to?) the daunting task of a series of essays noting the ten greatest classical music works of all time.  Yes, it's an insane project.  Among the (at least) hundreds of thousands of possibilities, I'm going to try and narrow it down to ten, with two works from each of five historical periods:  the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern.  How can one pick the greatest composition of Beethoven, much less the milieu in which he lived.  Of course, there still remains the "Classical/Romantic" question when talking about the guy.

Believe it or not, I think I have two works selected already.  One is (at least to me) painfully obvious; the other is a kind of cop-out.  But more on than much later.

Here is a list I came across of the greatest recorded performances, assembled by Fred Childs and the folks at Performance Today.  I guess for the sake of clarity, they're all in alphabetical order; I've selected a listing of interesting performances in no particular order.  Of course, this is absolutely no opinion on the inclusion of a work on the "greats" list, but just another look into the collective minds of the blogosphere.

J.S. Bach: Brandenburg Concertos Nos. 1 - 6: Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin. Harmonia Mundi HMX 2901634.35 (2-CD set)

J.S. Bach: Mass in B minor, BWV 23: Collegium Vocale/La Chapelle Royale, Phillipe Herreweghe, conductor, Harmonia Mundi HMX 2908110.12.  I cannot begin to count the number of recordings of Bach's Mass that I own.  To me, this is among the best, combining modern scholarship and a more traditional (though not massive) ensemble size:  a happy (at least to me) medium.

Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra: Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Fritz Reiner, conductor.  RCA Victor 61504.  THE recording of this monumental work, from the glory days (which are hardly over) of the CSO.

Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67: Vienna Philharmonic, Carlos Kleiber, conductor.
Kleiber:  what did he know that
we don't?

Deutsche Grammophon 447 400-2.  I think that it is safe to say that there is universal agreement that this is the definitive performance of Beethoven's most well-known work, led here by (arguably) the greatest conductor of them all.

Brahms: A German Requiem: Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Philharmonia Chorus & Orchestra, Otto Klemperer, conductor.  EMI Classics 7243 566903 2 5.  I have studied this work at great length (and am prepared to conduct it should anyone call!) referring to a number of original sources, including the composer's own metronome markings.  They existed in his own conducting score for 25 years but were never published.  To my mind, Klemperer comes the closest to what I view as Brahms's conception.

Munch, Debussy and the
world's "greatest French orchestra"
Debussy: La Mer: Boston Symphony Orchestra, Charles Munch, conductor.  RCA Victor 61500.  This, I would definitely love to hear.  I see an Archiv buy coming my way soon.

Dvorák: Cello Concerto in B minor Op. 104: Mstislav Rostropovich, cello, Berlin Philharmonic, Herbert von Karajan, conductor.  Deutsche Grammophon 447 413-2.  Hmmm.  Better than duPre?  Ma?  I've fallen in love with a 1930s recording of Casals with Szell leading the Czech Phil.  Maybe it's the fact that the orchestra has Dvorak in its blood.

Dvorák: Symphony No. 9 in E minor, Op. 95: London Symphony Orchestra, István Kertész, conductor.  Penguin Classics 460604.  I own the entire set conducted by Kertész.  Incredible.

Elgar: Cello Concerto and Sea Pictures: Jacqueline du Pré, cello; Janet Baker, mezzo-soprano;
London Symphony Orchestra, Sir John Barbirolli, conductor. EMI CDC 556219 2.  Yes, the tale of an artist lost too soon is part of duPre's legacy.  Despite her tragic death, this performance defines the Elgar Concerto and, despite repeated listenings, makes me weep.

So this is just a brief listing of some of the best on record (CD?  mp3?--my least favorite medium).  But what makes them, or the works themselves great?  Here's another's thoughts that I am contemplating.  Dan Lis writes:

Composer Dan Lis
My solution: it’s all about the balance. I don’t adopt a strict guideline for what makes good music and what doesn’t, but I think a balance of elements (or lack thereof) makes music “good” (or “bad”). Two criteria that I’m certain that have to be in this mix are intellect and intuition. Music has to have an intellectual component and an intuitive component, and both have to be strong enough to a.) hold their own, b.) compensate for each other, and c.) form a cohesive unit. 

Intellect is important because it is the component that adds judgment, revision, depth, consideration, and most importantly, thought, to music. Music isn’t a purely sonic entity. We think about it (us musicians do it nearly all the time), judge it, reconsider our judgments, etc. Thought is the basis of our science of creating music (I’ll get to the art of creating music later). The interpretation of the bare sonic materials bombarding our ears, and the will we force on unsuspecting air molecules (see Zappa, haha) originate in the chemical and electrical signals running through our brains. Our processing of music refines music, progresses music, and creates more complex or more thoughtful art.

Intuition is the art of music, and is important because it is the spark and the unquantifiable aspect of the musical experience. It is the opposite of the intellect–impulsive, rash, emotional, idiosyncratic, irrational, etc. It just happens. As an integral part of the human experience, intuition guides us without our even knowing it. An an integral part of the musical experience, intuition gives life to pitches and rhythms in a composer’s head or in a performer’s fingers. Because it is at the core of the musical experience, it must be present for music to be art; otherwise music appears as quantized eighth notes.

Obviously, there will be much more list-making and (hopefully) provocative thought....









Monday, June 2, 2014

A Manly List of Greats

If one actually googles "Askmen," you're presented with pages
of buxom young women.  Don't know what he was doing there.
This in from Askmen, apparently how to "become a better man".  Announcing (drum roll, please):  The Top 10 Classical Pieces Men Should Know, written by Steven Shaw and sponsored by Lexus (ok, I'm already out of my league).

The author prefaces, While we accept that classical music is not necessarily to everyone’s taste, a basic knowledge of it is as integral to our cultural understanding as is an appreciation for the paintings of the Old Masters, or da Vinci. Composers used a different medium, but nevertheless their work is art.  Gee, I'm glad we got that out of the way.   Ooooh, he starts at Number 10!  The suspense is killing me.

10.  Vivaldi:  Four Seasons (snore).  It's been used in lots of soundtracks, therefore it's great.

9.  Beethoven:  "Ode to Joy" (the hell with the rest of the symphony).  Oh yeah, and this one has been in Clockwork Orange, Die Hard and many more!

8.  Richard Strauss:  Also sprach Zarathustra (hmm...interesting).  But, of course, the author must add, "undoubtedly made famous by its use in 2001: A Space Odyssey, it is now almost synonymous with any space-related cinematography."

7.  Holst:  "Mars" and "Jupiter" from The Planets (again, screw the rest of the piece).  BUT, this list is certainly getting much more interesting as we go along.

6.  Wagner:  "Ride of the Valkyries."  Gotta know "Kill da Wabbit," right?

5.  Bach:  "Toccata and Fugue" (assuming that he means the one in d-minor).  The author adds, "Often linked to a brooding vampire playing alone in his mansion. Also used in video games and rock music."  That's right; Bach believed in Vlad the Impaler.

4.  Pachelbel:  Canon (barf).  I can't help but share this wonderful link.

3.  Puccini:  "Nessun dorma," from Turandot.  Of course a video of Pavarotti singing accompanies the title.  Oh yes, and you're likely to hear it at sporting events (really?)

2.  Barber:  Adagio for Strings.  Funeral music.  "It has been voted the saddest piece of classical music ever composed."

1.  (I'm dying to know....)  OMG:  Orff:  "O Fortuna" from Carmina Burana, a chorus from a piece I probably despise like no other.  "It also topped a list of the most-played classical music of the last 75 years."  Hrumph!

Nowhere in the article is Mr. Shaw identified.  I guess if I came up with "Charlie Tuna" as number 1, I'd want to remain anonymous.

Saturday, May 31, 2014

Greatness, Part Two

Yeah.  This one's easy!
There is both rhyme and reason for this series of posts about "greatness" in music.  For several months now, I've been mulling around a project considering the "ten greatest pieces" of all time.  It's probably impossible, narrowing down tens (hundreds) of thousands of works within the canon to an extremely small number of works.  One needs to establish a suitable set of criteria and then work diligently to justify a work's inclusion on (or exclusion from) the list.

In the previous post, Anthony Tomassini's ten greatest composers list was proffered.  His criteria (previously unlinked here) noted that:

I am focusing on Western classical music. There are compelling arguments against honoring this classification. Still, giants like George Gershwin, Duke Ellington and Stephen Sondheim are outside my purview here. And on the assumption that we are too close to living composers to assess their place and their impact, I am eliminating them from consideration.

Finally, I am focusing on the eras since the late Baroque. You could make a good case for Josquin or Monteverdi, but I won’t. The traditions and styles were so different back then as to have been almost another art form. I’m looking roughly at the era an undergraduate survey of Western civilization might define as modern history.


So..........he choose a safe(r) and easier route, much simpler than I will be traveling.  I'm not going to ignore the giants of the Renaissance.  In fact, a work by Josquin--possibly the most influential work of his time--has found its way to my short list.  And, I'm going to try not to exclude the music of our time.  That said, that might necessitate a "top ten" list of its own.

There are starting points that one might consider, however.  A website greatestclassicalmusicever offers the "50 Greatest Pieces of Classical Music."  While their compilation seems innocuous enough--introducing the uninitiated to classical music, it begins with many of the usual suspects.


1. Ludwig Van Beethoven - Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op.67: I. Allegro con brio

With its immortal opening four-note theme (“Fate knocking”), Beethoven's 5th Symphony is one of the most instantly-recognizable pieces of Classical music. It is widely regarded as one of the most important works of its time and has been riffed on by everyone from Snoopy to Robyn Thicke, even being made into a disco hit!

Hmm. A reasonable argument might be made here, at least for its inclusion on any list, but not for its immediate "recognition" factor. There's a lot more to it that Snoopy and Robyn Thicke (whatever the heck that reference is).  Right now, I'm engaged in a listening/studying project framed on the string quartets:  more on that later; I'm only through the first three.  But therein, I believe, is the greatness of Beethoven.

2. Antonio Vivaldi - The Four Seasons, Concerto No. 1 ‘Spring' (Op.8 No. 1): I. Allegro 
The Four Seasons is Vivaldi’s best-known work and one of the best known pieces in all of Classical music. The opening of Concerto No. 1 "Spring" is a bouncy, cheerful tune which has been used in many forms of mainstream entertainment.

Tell me we're kidding. As the story goes, Vivaldi wrote either some 600 concertos or the same one 600 times. This is turning into a popularity contest. 
The Red Priest: the ultimate recycler?


Handel:  Rumor has it....

3. George Frideric Handel - Messiah: Hallelujah (Chorus) 

One of the most recognizable pieces in Handel's Messiah highlights and in all of Classical music, Handel's "Hallelujah" if featured in Part II of his Messiah oratorio which covers the Passion, death, resurrection, ascension of Jesus.

Great word painting and a study in how to use texture to set a text....the ascending soprano line toward the big finish (signifying the resurrection) is a thing of wonder. 

4. Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky - 1812 Overture, Op.49 (conclusion) 
Pete: made the news in Fall 2013
Thanks, Vladimir!


Written in 1880 to commemorate Russia's defense against Napoleon's army in 1812, Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture is mostly recognizable by its climactic ending featuring cannon fire, ringing chimes and brass fanfare.

Surely another joke. I'm certain that old Pete is probably sorry that this is his most well known composition.

5. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Ave verum corpus, K.618

Mozart was unquestionably one of the greatest composers of all time, a talent unlike any other. He wrote the Ave verum corpus for his friend Anton Stoll who was the musical coordinator in the parish of Baden bei Wien, near Vienna. This piece was written less than 6 months before Mozart’s death.

One of Mozart's most beautiful little "gems." But why "Ave verum" when compared to the vast canon of Wolfie's masterworks? Anyone heard of La Nozze di Figaro or the Requiem?
Amadeus actually brought fame to Salieri...

6. Johann Sebastian Bach - Toccata: Toccata and Fugue in D Minor, BWV 565 

The Toccata and Fugue in D Minor is easily one of the most famous pieces in the Organ works - famously featured in the Walt Disney classic Fantasia (and haunted houses around the world!). The piece has a dark, spooky feel to it, particularly the striking opening motif.



Greater than the B-minor Mass?  The St. Matthew Passion?  All those cantatas?  "Dark and spooky" do not greatness make. End of discussion.

7. Ludwig Van Beethoven - 'Ode to Joy' from Symphony No. 9 in D minor 'Choral' The 'Ode to Joy' theme from the final movement of Beethoven’s 9th symphony is a stirring, transcendent melody which speaks of the spiritual brotherhood shared by all people, and the joy of life. The symphony itself is an eighty-minute journey from darkness to light, its choral finale unprecedented at the time Beethoven wrote it. The story goes that Beethoven, sitting in the front row at the premiere, was so deaf at that point that his friend had to turn him around in order to see the furiously applauding audience. 

Actually, the tune itself is rather banal; I often tell my students that any of us could have written it (unfortunately, for posterity's sake, we didn't). And Schiller's poetry? Let's not go there. All of this being said, conducting the work was among the high points of my career. 

8. Samuel Barber - Adagio for Strings, Op.11
Samuel Barber

Often described as the "saddest classical work ever", Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings has an almost inexorable quality in the slow, steady upward movement of the haunting melody towards the hair-raising climax, before finally settling back to the subdued sorrow of the opening. The piece was famously featured in the film Platoon, and was played at the funerals of Albert Einstein, Princess Grace of Monaco and during the announcements of the deaths of Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy.

A toughy, although the argument could be made that the work is actually the slow movement from a string quartet. I often wonder how it fits within the other three: I've never heard them. 

9. Edvard Grieg - Prelude (Morning): Peer Gynt

Edvard Grieg composed Peer Gynt as incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play of the same name. A short piece of this work, Morning, which depicts a sunrise, is one of the most instantly recognizable pieces in music as it has been used in many different forms of entertainment, most notably in the Warner Brothers cartoons featuring Bugs Bunny.

Um, no. It's included here because of a relation to Bugs Bunny? That would open the door for a variety of better pieces, including "The Rabbit of Seville" and "What's Opera, Doc?" 


Grieg:  Percy Grainger's favorite
10. Sergei Rachmaninov - Piano Concerto No.2 in C Minor: II. Adagio sostenuto (excerpt) 

Rachmaninov gained immense popularity as a concerto composer and this was his most popular piece. You can hear the melody used in Eric Carmen's popular hit “All By Myself.'

Again the writers are noting a work's greatness because somebody else swiped the tune for a pop song. Not good enough for me.


Good ol' Rach.  Like Fritz Reiner,
did he ever smile?
Thus the inclusion of recognition is surely not going to be a criterium for the "ten greatest."  Another problem of the above list is its "sound bite" mentality, seemingly geared for a contemporary audience with a short attention span.  But what of other potential arguments?

  • The work has stood the "test of time."  How much time?  50 years?  100 years?  Even more?  While this might be a consideration, is would also necessitate inclusion of not-so-great works such as Pachelbel's infamous canon, heard here in a completely different guise.  And how does the test of time affect much more recent works?
  • The work has been influential upon other composers and their works.  Hmm.  This is a toughy. Great arguments could be made for the impact of the wind works of Mozart on composers such as Richard Strauss, Alban Berg, and others.  But, however much I may love the Gran Partita, it doesn't hold a candle to the Mozart/da Ponte operas.
  • The work in question was either (1) highly original for its time, or (2) summed up all that could be said regarding the time in which it was composed.  What single piece ended what is known as the Romantic period?  Beethoven is considered both a Classicist and a Romantic.  Where did he turn the corner?
  • Then there is the genre question: can we (I) safely compare Josquin's Ave Maria...virgo serena to Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen?  I very well may try....
Thus, it's inherently obvious that my exploration and decision is going to take time and very serious contemplation.  Oh well, another day, another list.....








Thursday, May 29, 2014

Searching for Greatness, Part One

“There are two kinds of music -- good music and the other kind.”
~Edward "Duke" Ellington

The greatest of them all?
Over three years ago, I wrote of NY Times critic Anthony Tommasini's project to select the ten greatest composers of all time.  Of course, there were caveats:  he only began with the Baroque and all his guys (yes, they were all guys) were dead.  The list, in his stated order, includes 
  • Bach
  • Beethoven
  • Mozart
  • Schubert
  • Debussy
  • Stravinsky
  • Brahms
  • Verdi
  • Wagner
  • Bartok
But one is left to ask, what exactly signifies "greatness," especially when discussing music.  From Tommasini's column:

Ah, greatness. Early on I received a friendly challenge from a reader (“Scott”) who questioned the whole notion of greatness in music. He cited the title essay in “Listen to This,” a collection of astute, lively writings by Alex Ross, the music critic for The New Yorker and my good friend, which was published last year (Farrar, Straus & Giroux). In this essay he argues that the very term “classical music” makes this vibrant art form seem dead. Indeed, as he writes, “greatness” and “seriousness” are not classical music’s defining characteristics; it can also “be stupid, vulgar and insane.”

I have even taken a less than scientific poll of two gentlemen whose opinion I greatly admire, critic, arts consultant and Juilliard Professor of Entrepreneurship, Greg Sandow and musicologist and IPR personality, Bernard "Barney" Sherman.

Greg Sandow
Greg writes:

Might be better to ask what makes a piece of music good or bad. “Great” is just a fancy, self-important way of saying that a piece is good. Or maybe it’s a superlative, meaning “Very, very, very, very good.” Also also very very very important. Anyhow, I think that if we don’t answer the simpler question, we’re left with defining “great” only as a kind of bloviating. Unless “great” is supposed to be a crown bestowed by history. Then “great” music is what people say “great” music is. Music from the past.
Makes my head ache to think about this!

I think an additional problem is that knowing a piece of music is supposed to be “great” can blot our ability to judge it with any clarity. The Eroica is a “great” symphony, so we don’t say out loud that the last two movements aren’t nearly as good as the first two.

I’m wary of greatness as a concept in art. It’s a judgment that often involves self-praise by the person making it. I’m so artistic; I recognize the greatness of this masterpiece. It’s a pompous concept. Leads to a pompous view of music, in which we revere pieces certified as great, and immediately put on a lower level things that don’t have the label attached. Stops us from hearing the inherent qualities of the music, especially if they involve frivolity or even simple joie de vivre. And stops us from playing a piece with simple love of music. We can’t do that. It’s a Great piece. Have to show that in our playing!

Somehow I've managed to misplace Barney's response(s) but I recall him "chickening out" and taking a similar tack.  It's as if we know what it is when we hear it, but can't put it into words.  I'm kind of drawn to composer Mickie Willis:

  Is the piece technically well executed? Regardless of the style, the performance - whether improvised, derived from notation, or electroacoustically produced - should be free of extraneous notes, sounds, effects, nuances of any kind that do not contribute to communication of the musical ideas.
  Does it exploit a variety of elements of music, i.e. rhythm, harmony, melody, texture/timbre? Although a quality piece of music need not have all elements equally represented (in fact, many if not most fine works do not), a piece that relies solely on any one element is likely to be less than fulfilling.
  Is the chief attraction not the music but the words? If the answer is yes, then the piece probably should be considered more as a theater piece or as poetry, than music. For music is the most abstract of arts, and although the marriage of text and music can be transcendent, the best does not need verbal associations to enhance it.
  Are the elements of the work highly integrated so that each supports the other’s function? Melody, for example, cannot exist without at least some degree of rhythm; rhythm, however, can exist without melody, as can harmony without either rhythm or melody. But it seems that most truly satisfying music exploits the elements in ways that cause the product of them to be greater that the sum of the elements, disparately.
  Does the piece appeal on a variety of levels – intellectual, emotional, spiritual? A piece can be strong enough in any one of these areas to justify being called good, but the best music somehow seems to appeal on many levels.
  Is there a feeling of "musicality" about it? That is, does the piece invoke a desire for body movement that corresponds to the gestures in sound? Musicality is distinctly human and inexorably connected to physical movement in ways that are imbedded in our psyches from the first expressive sounds uttered by our ancient ancestors to experiences as recent as our last rehearsal.
  Is there satisfying formal organization to the way the gestures are presented and developed? Since music occurs over time and for practical reasons, if for no other, music has to have a beginning and end, it seems to be our nature to expect some kind of sequence and development of the ideas that we find satisfying as anticipation and memory blend to create a mental image of form.
  Is there a good balance between familiarity and variety, appropriate for the length of the piece? Clearly, very extended pieces will need to introduce more variety than very short ones; likewise the task of maintaining coherence within greater diversity is more difficult and expected in longer pieces.
  After having been listened to many times, does the piece still have appeal, appeal that is based on some new revelations rather than solely on comfortable familiarity? Complexity in and of itself is not especially valuable, but exceptional music seems to have many facets, and holds up well and continues to interest even after many listenings.
  Do you feel positively stimulated, better, richer, fuller, or improved in some way for having heard the piece? This may seem a lot to expect, but truly great pieces (which, or course most music, even very fine music, will not be) often have a beneficial effect on careful listeners. Like the nutrition axiom "we are what we eat," (which, although obviously not literal, makes the point that our physical health is affected by our diet) in the arts we are what we consume, and what we habitually listen to affects our spirits. The best music makes us better by stimulating our minds and touching our hearts, and helps us feel better about ourselves and the world.

Of course that's a lot of stuff to ponder. Like all great music, it's undoubtedly worth it. There really is intended to be a finale to this convoluted tale; it just may take awhile.